Catiline by Henrik Ibsen

Author: Henrik Ibsen

Published: 1850

Genre: Historical

Catiline (Catilina) is the first play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It was published in 1850 under his pseudonym Brynjolf Bjarme and premiered in 1881 at the Nya Teatern, Stockholm, Sweden. Ibsen wrote the play in blank verse, typical of his early plays. Blank verse is a form of poetry written in unrhymed but metered lines, almost always in iambic pentameter. 

At 15, Ibsen moved to the small town of Grimstad, where he worked as a pharmacist’s apprentice. There, he studied for the university entrance exams while writing poetry. 

During his studies, Ibsen came across Sallust’s Catiline and Cicero’s Catilinarian orations. He soon became fascinated with Lucius Sergius Catilina, also known as Catiline (108-62 BC), a Roman senator infamous for a failed conspiracy to overthrow the Roman Republic. 

The story of Catiline inspired Ibsen’s debut work, which portrays the senator in a more sympathetic light. Rather than an outright traitor, Ibsen’s Catiline is a conflicted individual in whom “idealism and licentiousness struggle for mastery.” In the preface for the second edition of the play, Ibsen wrote that “there are given few examples of historical persons, whose memory has been more entirely in the possession of their conquerors, than Catiline.”

Catiline explores the conflict between duty and desire that will dominate many of Ibsen’s later plays. The manipulative and alluring Furia is also regarded as a possible prototype for Hedda Gabler. 

1. Synopsis

Catiline, a Roman noble, is torn between his wife, Aurelia, and his passionate love for a vestal virgin, Furia. At the same time, his fellow aristocrats urge him to lead a plot to overthrow the Roman Republic. Catiline is initially reluctant to spill the blood of his countrymen. However, he is eventually persuaded by Furia to seek greatness for himself by seizing the throne. Curius, a youth under Catiline’s guidance, is in love with Furia, and she promises to be his if he betrays Catiline. Curius’s treachery sets the stage for Catiline’s dramatic downfall. 

2. Characters 

• Lucius Catiline – A Roman noble. 
• Aurelia – his wife
• Furia – A vestal virgin 
• Curius – A youth related to Catiline
• Manlius – An old warrior
• Lentulus – A young Roman noble. 
• Gabinius, Statilius, Coeparius, and Cethegus – Catiline’s conspirators
• Ambiorix and Ollovico – Ambassadors of the Allobroges
• An Old Man
• Priestesses and servants in the Temple of Vesta
• Gladiators and warriors
• Escort of the Allobroges
• Sulla’s Ghost